Have all 8 planets ever aligned? (2024)

Have all 8 planets ever aligned? (1)

As the solar system's planets rove around the sun, sometimes a few will appear to line up in the sky. But have all eight planets ever truly aligned?

The answer depends on how generous you are with the definition of "align" for the solar system's planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

To start with, the orbits of the planets are all tilted to different degrees with respect to the sun's equator. This means that, when planets appear to line up in the sky, in reality they are likely not positioned in a straight line in 3D space, Arthur Kosowsky, an astrophysicist at the University of Pittsburgh, told Live Science.

"The concept of planetary alignment is more about the visual appearance from our perspective on Earth rather than any significant physical alignment in space," Nikhita Madhanpall, an astrophysicist at Wits University in South Africa, told Live Science.

A planetary conjunction is when two or more planets appear close together from our perspective on Earth. It's important to note that the planets are never actually close together. Even when two planets appear lined up to a person on Earth, they are still extremely far apart in space, The Planetary Society notes.

Related: Which planet is closest to Earth? (Hint: There's more than 1 right answer.)

The definition of how close the planets can appear to be considered aligned is not well defined, Wayne Barkhouse, an astrophysicist at the University of North Dakota, told Live Science. Any such definition would involve "angular degrees," the way astronomers measure the apparent distance between two celestial objects in the sky.

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If you measured the distance around the circle of the entire horizon, that would equal 360 degrees. To give an idea of the horizon's enormity, the full moon appears only half a degree across, according to Las Cumbres Observatory in Goleta, California.

In the book "Mathematical Astronomy Morsels" (Willmann-Bell, 1997), Jean Meeus, a Belgian meteorologist and amateur astronomer, calculated that the three innermost planets — Mercury, Venus and Earth — "line up within 3.6 degrees on average every 39.6 years," Barkhouse said.

Lining up more planets takes time. According to Meeus, "all eight planets will line up within 3.6 degrees, for example, every 396 billion years," Barkhouse said. "Which means it has never occurred and will not occur, since the sun will transform into a white dwarf in roughly 6 billion years from now. During this process, the sun will become a red giant and expand in size to swallow both Mercury and Venus, and probably the Earth as well. Thus, only five planets will remain in our solar system."

The chances are worse for all eight planets aligning within 1 degree of sky. According to Meeus, "this will occur, on average, every 13.4 trillion years," Barkhouse said. In comparison, the universe is about 13.8 billion years old.

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If you consider the eight planets aligned if they are in the same 180-degree-wide patch of sky, the next time that will happen is May 6, 2492, according to Christopher Baird, an associate professor of physics at West Texas A&M University. The last time the eight planets were grouped within 30 degrees was Jan. 1, 1665, and the next time will be March 20, 2673, according to the National Solar Observatory's facility at Sacramento Peak, California.

Madhanpall noted that planetary alignments have virtually no significant physical effects on Earth. "The only impact to life on Earth during an alignment is the wonderful display visible in the sky," Barkhouse added. "There is no danger of enhanced earthquakes or anything like that. The change in the gravitational force that the Earth will experience due to any planetary alignment is negligible."

Have all 8 planets ever aligned? (2)

Charles Q. Choi

Live Science Contributor

Charles Q. Choi is a contributing writer for Live Science and Space.com. He covers all things human origins and astronomy as well as physics, animals and general science topics. Charles has a Master of Arts degree from the University of Missouri-Columbia, School of Journalism and a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of South Florida. Charles has visited every continent on Earth, drinking rancid yak butter tea in Lhasa, snorkeling with sea lions in the Galapagos and even climbing an iceberg in Antarctica.

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4 CommentsComment from the forums

  • greree12

    Nine planets. Pluto will always be a planet to me.

    Reply

  • DD75

    I'm glad Pluto is no longer a true planet. It should have never been considered one in the first place, but scientists didn't know any better back then. It's smaller than our Moon.

    Reply

  • The Old Ranger

    I don't understand why we would be concerned about planets "lining up"... we can't even get most people down here to park in marked spaces without getting over the "line"

    Reply

  • wmcgeeMBC

    The year 1665 was the year of the Black plague...could the near alignment planets have had any effect on life on Earth?

    Reply

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Have all 8 planets ever aligned? (2024)

FAQs

Have all 8 planets ever aligned? ›

Lining up more planets takes time. According to Meeus, "all eight planets will line up within 3.6 degrees, for example, every 396 billion years," Barkhouse said. "Which means it has never occurred and will not occur, since the sun will transform into a white dwarf in roughly 6 billion years from now.

Have all 8 planets ever been aligned? ›

Is an 8-Planet Alignment Possible? While there are certainly headlines about it from time to time, full planetary alignment is actually virtually impossible, and even seeing all the planets on the same side of the sun in the sky is incredibly uncommon.

Will the planets ever fully align? ›

They will never line up exactly, unless there is some very fine tuning, but they can all be within a certain angle. We can estimate how often Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn will be within 1 degree of Mercury. This will happen around the time of a “great conjunction”, when Jupiter and Saturn line up, more or less.

When was the last time all planets aligned? ›

The last time all eight planets were aligned was on Dec. 28, 2022.

What happens when all 9 planets align? ›

Even if all the planets found themselves on the same side of the Sun, the orbits of the planets are inclined with respect to each other, so it's impossible for all 8 planets (or 9 if you insist on including Pluto) to form a perfectly straight line. But even if they did — nothing Earth-shattering would happen.

What planets will align in 2024? ›

The next planet parade is on April 20, 2024, when five planets – Venus, Mercury, Neptune, Mars, and Saturn – will align in the sky.

Will all 9 planets ever align? ›

Have the planets ever been perfectly aligned? No. The orbits of the planets do no lie in a plane (imaginary plane of the ecliptic). Each planet has an orbit about the sun that has an inclination angle with respect to the average.

What are the 12 planets in order from the Sun? ›

In order of distance from the sun they are; Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Pluto, which until recently was considered to be the farthest planet, is now classified as a dwarf planet. Additional dwarf planets have been discovered farther from the Sun than Pluto.

How many years until all the planets align? ›

So, on average, the three inner planets line up every 39.6 years. The chance that Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune will all be within this arc as well on any given pass is 1 in 100 raised to the 5th power, so on average the eight planets line up every 396 billion years.

When did Pluto stop being a planet? ›

Pluto Overview

Pluto was long considered our ninth planet, but the International Astronomical Union reclassified Pluto as a dwarf planet in 2006.

What planets are visible in April 2024? ›

Mars and Saturn lie low in the morning twilight in April 2024. They shine with similar brightness and have a close pairing on the mornings of April 10 and 11. Saturn will climb a bit higher as the month goes on, and Mars will not move as much on the sky's dome.

Why is Pluto not a planet? ›

According to the IAU, Pluto is technically a “dwarf planet,” because it has not “cleared its neighboring region of other objects.” This means that Pluto still has lots of asteroids and other space rocks along its flight path, rather than having absorbed them over time, like the larger planets have done.

What planets align every 175 years? ›

This layout of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, which occurs about every 175 years, allows a spacecraft on a particular flight path to swing from one planet to the next without the need for large onboard propulsion systems.

Will there be a 9th planet? ›

The announcement does not mean there is a new planet in our solar system. The existence of this distant world is only theoretical at this point and no direct observation of the object nicknamed "Planet 9" have been made.

What is it called when all 8 planets align? ›

Answer and Explanation: When the planets are aligned, we call it planetary alignment. However, it is nothing like folk stories or Hollywood would have you believe. Planetary alignment does not occur when the planets are situated in a straight line; that never occurs.

How often do all 8 planets align? ›

The chance that Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune will all be within this arc as well on any given pass is 1 in 100 raised to the 5th power, so on average the eight planets line up every 396 billion years.

What happens when all 8 planets align? ›

Even if all the planets lined up "exactly," NASA says nothing significant would happen. What about ocean tides? They would raise an imperceptible "one twenty-fifth of one millimeter." So, it's safe to say your beachfront property will be just fine.

What year were all the planets aligned? ›

Perhaps the most celebrated recent alignment took place on Dec. 24, 2022, when all eight planets lined up in a horizon-to-horizon arc. This yet again, gave rise to tales of gravitational destruction.

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